Dynamometer-control apparatus



Dec. 11 1923 1,477,474 i.. R. EOGARDUS DYNAMOMETEH CUNTROL APPARATUS 1919 3 SheeiS-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 16,

Q z n N INVENTOR llenardl'/.okgarcus ATTORNEY Dean,- H, 1923. 1,477,474

L. R. EOGARDUS Filed Jan. 15, 1919 3 ASheeS-Sheer. 5

1I '57 mi* Patented Dee.' "11, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. y

l LEONARD It. BOGABDUS, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ABSIGNOB TO PACKARD KOTOR CAB COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

DYNAHOIETER-CONTBOL APPARATUS.

Application led January 18, 1919. Serial No; 271,449.

T all 'wiwm it may concern.:

Be it known that I,`LEoNAnn Rl. BoGAR- DUS, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Detroit, Wayne County, State of Michigan, have `invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamoineter-Control Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relatesto electric' dynamometers for testin the performance and efiiciency of hydrocar n en ines and has particularcreference to a nove control for such dynamometers. Y .v i It is well known that the power mechani- 1,5 cally developed by a h drocarbon engine may be determined by riving ajdynamoelectric machine from the engine, the dynamo being suitabl loaded.

Accor ing to the present invention a conn trol ap aratus is provided b means of which t e dynamo-electric macliine may be supplied with current from an external source to operate it as a motor to start the l 'engine and bring it up to speed, after which the dynamoelectric machine,Y being driven l by the engine, may be adjusted to opera-te as a generator and generate current that may be supplied to the mains or to suitable cur# rent translating or consuming means to constitute load for the engine. The load is preferably provided by current consuming devices consisting of a pluralityl of resistanoes arranged to be first inserted in the circuit 'of the dynamo-electric machine armature and gradually cut outof such armature circuitl to serve as starting resistance when the electric machine is operated as a motor, and after the engine has been started and the electric machine operates as a. enerator, to betagain 49 inserted in such armatig I current absorption resistances in whichthe current is dissi ated as heat.

The principe object of the invention is toA provide a control apparatus in which the,

switchesior adjusting the circuit connections, the instruments fordetermini'ng the potential .and amperage of the power output, and auxiliary devices shall be 'arranged Within convenient access to the operator, as

50 for example, on.' a switchboard, and in ,which the heat developingfabsorption resistanoes shall be mounted independently of the foregoing instruments and preferably at some point' remote from the switchboard' where they will be comparatively out of the opera- 'sorption resistances and the field current of' lthereon a double-throw field circuit switch.

re circuit tofserve as tors'way and in a better position to be ventilated.

The above and other objects and the novel features of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in' which- Fig. 1 is a front view of a switchboard comprising a part of a control apparatus embodying this invention;

Fig.- 2 1s a rear view of the switchboard showing the wiring thereon forl interconnectin the instruments on the front thereof, an also showing, diagrammatically, the d name-electric machine, and the current a rbing resistances with the electro-mag- -netically operated switches controlling the y same; v.

F igs.'3 to 7 inclusive are detail views of the radial switches for controlling the ab- .1I

the electric machine; an' i Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are respectively, frot, side, and rear views of one of the electromagnetically'operated switches and its associated absorption resistance unit.

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic detailof the wiring between the Start and Stop buttons and the main circuit breaker.

Referringto the drawings, P designates a switchboard panel of suitable msulating material for supporting ithe instruments and conductors associated with the control system. The front of the panel has mounted .`lar standards 10 through which the main line conductors 1l and-12 extend from beneath the Hoor to the circuit breaker terminals'13 and V`14 respectively, on the rear of the panel. Some of the circuits through the instruments on the front of the panel are ibndicated in dotted lines in the diagram of Suitable busbars 15.and 16 are arranged to be connected to the terminals 13 and 14 respectively, by brushes 17 and 18. of the cir'- cuit breaker C. The busbar 15' is connect- 110 ecljsceet le i escl te tbe teiiiiiiiel et e, imite stvitcb clip` i9 meal siictbei' busbsic Q0, ceiiiiectecl te tbe busbzii i6 tbieiigli tbe eyeilsecl i-eley ceil 9&7 is connected et its vei eiicl te tbe teimiiiel et s lmile switch 2 Still eeetliei busbsi 23 is connect- 'e tbe tei'ieiiiels c'l' limite switcli clips The lesite switches lll? L2 sie plyscl sin teiminels escl Q/Z connected rec ely te tbe leeds enel 29 of tbe eitliie el' tbe clybemeelectiic mscliiiie' lllx i suitable esametei sliuiit 30 in series with ie leecl hss coiicluct'ics 8l ceiiiieetecl te ebd te tbe smiiietei' rl. wbeieby tlie cuifi'eiit ci? tbe electiic ibs-.chime D may be *'leteissiiiecl. y

lbe eveilcecl ieley centeels tbe ciicsit tbe tifip coil ci: tbe circuit breskei' Q mit eeiieiibel cuiieiit iis tlie coil 2l opening tbe fill ciicuit @if the coil 32 eicel tiippiiig the ciicuit l ieeliei te epee. tlie maiis lime cicuit. A

se bleek 33 ceiiies suitable fuses 'loi1 protestine,n tbe veiieus es. lieiry ciicuits. Tige "windings el tbe clynasie-electiic scliiiie may be e ilirle vencleiitly ex 'et' sell-excited by cui-feet siipiilieclh el 'leem tbe meins ll9 l2 ci' 'iem tbe elect'fic mecbiiie miietue, tliieugb tbe ceb- (liictei's 339 Se mel 35, 3@ tbe lettei' being ccisiiectecl te tlieceiitei peil et terminals 37, 38 el tbe lielc switcb l/ll'beii tbe switch is tbiewn up centimeters 35, 36 will ceiicliictc-is 39 410,

be connected tbe iespectiyely wbicbese i'espectively connect- ?Til ed te tbe meins l2. "lllllienitbe ielfl is limits lewe.1 igesitioii. tbe celiswitcli (lucteis 35, 36 ifesjeectiyely ceimecte'cl by tbe ceiiclucteis all Il?, te tbe ceiicliicteis escl le 'Wliicb eseceiiiiectecl zicicse tbe leecls Q18 snel .iespectively Fissi tbe ifc-cegeiiig it will appellent tbet tbe sv/itcli l? iii its uppei position will ceilnect tbe lielcl et tbe electiic mel cbiirle te tbe supply meins se tbst tbe mat cbi'lie will be ieclepeecleiitly encitefl9 eetl iii its` leweiW gesitieii will ceiiiiect tbe iielcl winding elf tbe electric mec-bille seess tbe simetiiife se tbzit tbe electric mscliiiie `will be sell-exe Fm leiicliicteis sie ceiiiiectecl cliiectly te tlie supply meiiis escl l?, escl te tbe s: el2 teiseiiialseii tbe blccl; l5 bellied enel tbe lower peil eteimibsls eli t e selbe blecli is ccimectecl by es l? te tbe eeiitei' 11 eiiiiiisels eb. tb n is ceiiiiect- 6 eine weitet e U3 el f.

adeptes?, te beth es. startle yeltegge el tbe cuiieiit being" generated by the (lysame-electi'ic maschinell.

i plurality et i'esistsnces lll; l i elle connected tothe concluctei el) elle i eclebtecl te be cciiieelctecliii Ypziisllel eciess cescluctcis 5U, 5l. 'llliese iesisf cees sie iii ciiciiit with tbe ei'sczitliie el elec` ti'ic machine D when tbe lettei1 'is ss :i motel' and also seiyess cuiieiit ceesmscf iiigg iesistsiices constituting' leecl glei; tbe electic ,mecliiiier D when the lette is being by tbe engine and Opei'stiiig es feneistei. llie conductors 50, sie celi- ,ectecl te tbe tei'miiisls if)e 25 iesbectivf @icl tbe connection ot the iesistcsc i w eci'ess tbe ceiifluctois 50, 5l is ce..

coiiespcncliiig numbei el? electieiiiegiiet icelly epeisble switches 'Sil-Sm el my well lmewii ei" pielieirecl construction. switclies sliewii in Figures 2 l f ene. e te it.. The ceii'tecto by suitable limbs sie el tbe electiemsgzeetlcelly operable' connected 55 ceiyiiig @let-es escl 5'1 eine. am mteipesecl spills@ 58, sucia plzites beingl erieiigeel te' close ci:.cuits clucliiigN the teimiiifils 597 80, tbe sake et cleiiiiess, billy pleite is sliemi in tbe .cliegiema Escli ceiitsctei lies essecistecl sistsiice enel is indicated. iii l iguies l i l() eecli coistectoi' eiicl its sssscietefl iesist mice iiieimtecl si; e, single panel till c5? suitable insulating materiel.

' @ne 0i the mostimpei'tzmt features cil tbe present iiiieiitioii consists in mounting tbe iesistsiices independently el? tbe switcbbeard, thereby sev-ing wiring es tbe switcbbeeicl peiel providing); better VentileI tien tot* the iesistziiices enel else relieving1 tbe switcbbeei'd. Accordingly tbe iesistences Th1-lex and tlieii associated switches tlf-Sx sie lifieuiittfl independently cl" tbe switclibesicl panel :will upon suitable suppests such es melts s (list ""ie switcliboziicl. Hewevei, the switclies O mal tlieii1 assecistecl Q centi'ellec 'Elem tbe switcbbemfl .ci from tbe supply melius ci1 tiem tbe essie electric fmecbme D., "lie me, else adeptes. be cemiectecl te e tui Wire electrically ceiiiieetesl te' tbe ses` tive el setlists ceiiciicter lli essecietecl witli tbc ceiicJtic'l'Leij 35.

llie seveisl lll sie slss electriu f ceiiiiectel by ceiiti'el sviies Cfm@ te ses e tei'miiiels li if), 8, lfm-f2 ylisL lll) lil)

lSO

on a panel 66 on the rear-of the switchboard panel P. The control wires Cl-C, are 'connected by a controller arm 67 to the conductor 67 which is electrically connected to the conductor 36.k Accordingly1 the circuits of the electro-magnets M are successively closed by the radial switch arm 67 as it engages the successive contacts 1;, 2- on thepanel 66, such circuits being closed b way ofthel conductor 63, switch magnet hi', control wire c', contact engaged by the arm 67 the arm 67 and conductors 67 and 36, the conductors 35 and 36 being respectively connected to a source of current by the field switch F.

The arm 67 is carried by the post 68 which extends through thev 1rianel P and .carries the adjusting handle L at its outer end in front of the panel, said arm having suitable indicating means associated therewith to enable the operator to tell atl a glance what resistances are connected in circuit.v

The post 68 Ypasses through asleeve .69 secured to the field adjusting handle FH,

. the' said sleeve 69 carrying contact shoes 70 whichA are movable over contacts 71 connected to resistances-72 inserted in circuit with the wires 33, 34, and 35, 36 connected to the field .winding DF of the dynamoelectric machine D. The arms and 67 are independently adjustable, and the amount of resistance in the armature circuit of the electric machine may thus be varied independently of the amount of resistance in These connections are clearly shown in Figure 11. y

Assuming that the engine and the dynamo-electric' machine are/idle and that it is desired to testthe engine, the line switches L1 L12 are moved into engagement with the terminal clips 22, 24; the field switch is closed upwardly, connecting terminals 37, 38 with" conduct-ors 39, 40, and the start button on pannel 74 is pressed. Pressing the start button closes a circuit through the coil of vcircuit breaker C as follows; from main 11, through the fuse to conductor 39, field switch, conductor 35, through the start button, conductor 75, contacts of overload relay R, through the coil 'of circuit breaker C,

through the field switch to conductor 40, through the fuse to terminal 14 and main 12. The consequent energization of the coil of circuit breaker C operates the brushes 17, 18 to connect the mains 11, 12 with bus bars 15, 16. After the coil of the circuit breaker has attracted its armature, it retains said armature, upon opening ofthe start button,

by the following circuit; main 11, brush 17 ,I

bus bar 15, resistance` 32, conductor 76, stop button (which 'is `normally closed by its spring) conductor :75,contacts of overload relay R-,coil of circuit breaker C, field switch, conductor 40, fuse, terminall 14 and main 12. A

The rotary switch arm 67 is then placed von contact 1, closing a,circuit through magnet M1, said circuit including positive wire 35, conductor 63, coil `M1, lower contacts of the switcluconductor c1, contact 1, switch The dynamo-electric machine is now op-l erated as a motor, current flowing through its armature from the main 11 by way of' bus bar 15, conductor 50, Iresistance R conductor 51, bus bai; 23, switch arm L2, conductor 29, the armature, conductor 28, shunt block 30, switch arm L bus bar 20, coil 21 of the overload relay, bus bar 16 to main 12. Current is supplied to the field of the dyna- Aino-electric machine through conductors 35,

36 and 33, 34 by way of the field rheostat controlled by handle FH.

As the motor gathers speed, the switch arm 6'7 is moved 1n a counter-clockwise di-v rection over the contacts 2, 3, etc., at each contact causing energization of its corresponding switch magnet and inserting the resistance controlled thereby across the conductors 50, 51, in parallel with the preceding resistance or resistances, thus lowering the resistance` of the armature circuit by successive steps. The preceding switches are retained in closed position upon closure of succeeding switches by the retaining circuits, which include positive wire 63, the coil of a preceding switch, the resistance fn., the upper contacts of the succeeding switch to the negative wire 64..

After the 'engine has been started and is operating on its own power, the line switches Ll L2 are moved to connect the terminals 19, 25 with the terminals 27, 26, respectively. The armature of the dynamoelectric machine is thereby disconnected from the mains 11, 12 and connected with the conductors 50, '51. The field excitation may still be furnished by the line vo'tage. in which case the field switch is left in its upper position; but if it is desired to make the machin-self exciting, this switch is A enc'inenicy he varied by ,ins

rotary switch erin G77 therebyl i ont any desired nnniher o'l i nichts in the arnistnre circuit; cnil power output of the engine nis by computing; the product or of the Volt meter and zimineter plus ternail losses ol the dynamo. i

lnsteiui of transforming: the power et t`^ dynamo .into heat through the resisteu it may he desired :it times to pnt this porre into the line so that it may he converteci into useful Work. For this `purpose, the switch li] is inoveel to connect terininzfl rind 26, the switch Le remaining on tenels 19 sind 2i". rlhe ornistnrc leeds thus connected with ons here lo one, which are respectiwel)T connected with meins ll :incl l2. Belfiore this is donea hcwever7 the field rheostst handle Fll 'should he adjusted until the voltage Llelii'erefl l the dynamo is equal to the voltage ecos the matins.

llilhen it is clesirecl to discontinue the on eretion of the cppsrstus for snif reasonv to perrnit connecting;` up enotl'ier engine" r test7 the stop hutton'is pressed' to open the J.

circuit oit the electromagnetic 65eme breaker thus disconnecting; the resins 'from the switch hoord.

liilhile l have shown snel described in teil c preferredL torno oit cljynzinionieter e trol epporstiis it is to loe nnelerstooil various changes mcy/he inode in the Cie thereof Without departing troni the spirit or the invention.

1What is claimed is:

l. ln e dynamoineter, e switch hof dynamo electric machine connected th with :incl adapted to drive snel he drive en engine under test, e plurality ot resist ence elements mounted zit-c; distance from soicl switch hoord, switch mechanism se ecl to connect the :rrnistnre et sziicl fly/nL electric machine with serial power moins through seicl resistance elements to (lisconnect the power moins :incl connect the fermeture with ssicl resistance elementsy ciectro-ins-gnetic switches. connectingf one". l

connecting seicl resistzrnce elenients1 switch inechenisne mounted on, seirl hos-rd controilingseid electro-moei e switches. 'i I l 2. lln machine cele-@ted to he connected with en engine under test7 .e switch hoer i s f electric igen/er conncctetwith hoard, e plurality of resistence e1 mounted seperately from seicl' vi switches mounted on seicl swi h. electrical connectionscontrolle i i e.V

connecting the source oit power to the en cles rno-electric machine through n'uinher ot seicl cesistence eienren e clynL-inoineter, fr dyneino-electric the lette ice' elements.

Cjynnrnorneter, c switch d 'graine-electric machine connecter with sind selected to l c nectefl e' e underntest., s gli l oit seperate resistonce elements niciintctl et distance freni soitl eli hom electriccllgv contherewith, electr :agnetie switches controlling the connections oi' scid resistence elements with seicl switch hoord, elec tricerl connections between vseid electro-inegi;- switches t l swicch Aes mounts-cl on scid. switch hoord for electromagnetic siritche sistence elements v J. 1 n 1n el sind c ienne-electric inschiliM o dyneinometer eonihostion engines, c s ctric incchine, connecten scleptefl to he connecten with en engine eno; iintler test9 s nlurolit'jy of :c

i seid switch. hooro. hi n f" thereof, power neces. with scifi switch hocrel, it controller inonntetl on seiel switch hoziroi enel' opershie inectssiel resistance elements succes in the connecti lbetween he power enel the elifnornoctric when is hernie; operctecl es c motor vto Le engine, snel s switch oswitch e, for disconnecting the insins iro i sciol dynamo-electric machine intl for co the letter with ssicl resistance coinhinction with. s; elyneinoeieci e power shsorpticn resistence connect creto, enel ineens or varying; the enfreint oit resistance in circuit with inechine comprising s pini-slit); ol' electio-inogneticolly operehle switches operroin c clicl switch, esch of which con trois s portion o'i the totsi resistence, niesns for controlling' seid switches one et zi time in e oterininecl order, in ssielfisl switch enel on ser electromagnetic dfehle lor closing,7 the circuit oil the ei Wionisgnetic sri/itcT sent receding it9 therehy ineressiiiggn the portions o resistance in the circuit the erin of the cisl switch ".e Clie-l., x

oinetion veiith clynsinoe'lec i power shsorption resistc. thereto e comprising snot/es across -e coi- "with sciiti. machine coni ole sii/'rtclres seven soicl li hoiiro, 5

sistenee elements fing the ernennt ments, a

locks on each of'said electrically operable switches for maintaining the switches closed after said arm has made contact withthe termo-electric machine electrically connectedtherewith and adapted to be mechanically connected with an engine under test, ay pluiality of resistance elements connected with said switch board, power "mains also connected with said switch board, and switchV mechanism mounted -on said board and operable to connect the power mains with said dynamo-electric machine throughxany desired number of said resistance elements, to disconnect the power mains from said dynamo-electric machine and connect the latter with any number of said resistance elements, and to disconnect said resistance and connect said dynamo-electric machine with the power mains. v

A 8. lnv a dynamometer, a switchboard, a dynamo-eiectric machine connected therewith and adapted to drive andhe driven by an engine under' test, power mains connected to said switch boatd, a plurality of resistance eieinents mounted at a distance romcfsaid switch board adapted to be connected in circuit with .said dynamo-electric machine5 switch` mounted on said switch board adapted to connect said dynamo-elecp other position to connect said lield 4with the tric mach e with the power mains through said resistance elements.v and to disconnect the powei` nains and connect the armature of said dynamo-electric machine to said resistance eiements, electromagnetic switches connected to said switch board or connecting and dsconnecting the resistance eleswitch mechanism mounted on said switcl" contacts connected respectively to said electromagnetic switches and a manually operable arm adapted to sweep over said contacts and connect them successively with the source ci power.

9. in a dynamometer, a switch b'oard, a dynamo-eiectric machine connected therewith and adapted to drive and be driven by an engine der test, power mains connected to said swine board, a plurality of resistance eicments iinted separately from said switch board, a switch mounted on said switch adapted in one position .to connect sa J power mains to said dynamoelectric mne through said resistance eieinents, in i other position to connectthe armature said dynamo-electric machine to saidV ance elements, and in a third position connect the armature of said dynamo-eiectiic machine directly to said power mains, and switch mechanism mounthoard comprising a plurality of Y tric machine with the power mains through ed on said switch board controlling the connections of said resistance elements.

l0. In a dynamometei, a switch hoard, a dynamo-electric machine connected there! with and adapted to drive and be driven by an engine under test, power niainsconnected to said switch board,` a switch mounted on said switch board adapted in one position to connect the field of the dynamo electric machine with said power mains and inanother position to connect said field with the armature of said dynamo-electric machine, a manually controlled rheostat inserted in the connections between said switch and said field,-

ay plurality of resistance elements mounted separately from said vswitch board and adapted to be suooeively connected in circuit with said dynamo-electric machine, a

`second switch mounted on said switch board adapted to connect the armature of said dynamo-electric machine with the power mains through said resistance elements and to disconnect the armature from said power mains and connect it said resistance elements, and switch mechanism mounted on said vswitch board controlling the connections of said resistanceelements.

11. In a dynamometer, a switch board, a dynamo electric machine connected therewith and adapted to be driven by an engine under Vtestiiower mains connected to said switch board, a switch mounted on said switch hoard adapted in one position to connect theield fof said dynamo electric machine with said power mains and in anaimature ofsaid dynamo elect-ric machine, a manually controlled rlieostat inserted in the connections between said switch and said field, a plurality oi resistance elements mounted separately from said switch board and electrically connected thereto, a second switch mounted on said-switch board adapted to connect the armature of said dynamo elecsaid resistance elements and to disconnect the armature from said power mains and connect it to said resistance elements, electromagnetic switches for connecting and disconnecting the resistance elements, and switch mechanism controlling the connections of said resistance elements comprising a circular series of contacts mounted on said switch board, and connected to said electromagnetic switches and a manually operable contact arm adapted to sweep over said contacts and successively energize them.

l2. In a dynamometer, a switch board, a dynamo electrl machine connected therewith and adapted Vto be driven by an engine under test, power mains connected to said switch board, a switch mounted on said switch board adapted in one position to connect the field of said dynamo electric machine With said power mains and in anothetJ position to connect seid ield with the ziiinetute of seid dynamo electiic rnziohine9 a. iheostztt inserted in the co ect-ione between seid switch end seid tiem c'oniptieing 2t sleeve nototehly mounted in seid switch hoard hoi/ing zt hond whee rned to the *Eto-nt end thereof and contact eline iined thereto in iezn of the Switch board contacting o circuler series of contacts to which the resistence elements of the rheostet :ne connected, e plurality of insistence elemente mounted :it e distance from Said switch boand adept/ed to Abe connected to sind dynamo electiicinechine, o second switch mounted on seid, switch hoard adapted ture ot stud dynamo electlic machine with- I nccted Tespectively to Seid electio-inegnetic Switches and zi. poet mounted in said sleeve heving a knob on its front end end e Contact eiiin on its retti end adopted to Contact said contacto.

13. :i dynenio-nietenJ e switch homzd7 zi dj/'noino eleetitic machine connected theie with end adopted tothe diiven ei test, power mains connected to Seid eh honed, o switch mounted on seid switch hoard, adapted in one position to connect the field i o1 said dfi/nemoelectiic hy en engine ino-chine with seid power meins sind in ztnothei1 position to connect seid neld with the armature of eztid dynamo electric machine, :t manually-operable iheostet mounted on seid switch board inserted in the connections between said switch sind said ield9 e` plurality ot insistance elemente mounted et e distance :ti-oni Seid switch boeitd adopted to be connected to seid ,dynamo electric mechineyn second switch mounted on seid switch board adapted to connect the erinutuie of said dynmno electric machine with the powei:I inains through seid resistance elements end dieconnect the ennittture troni said powei meins and connect it to seid resistance eienients, electromagnetic Switches connecting and dieconi'iecting1 the resistance elemente? witch mechanism mounted o-n seid switch board controlling seid electoinegnefi snf'itxthee, en enemy inet/ei` mounted on et u switch board, and e switch toi? connecti seid meter across the powei' meins oi' eenden the nt'netuie of seid dynamo electric nie,- chine.

iin teetiniony whereof lt eiiift inv LEUNAR@ 

